Estado, autonomia e integração regional na América Latina. State, autonomity, and regional integration in Latin America.
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Abstract
En el presente artículo se analiza la articulación político-social y el esquema de poder gobernante en Brasil durante los gobiernos del Partido de los Trabajadores (pt). Se examina cómo la articulación nacional popular neodesarrollista, encabezada por el liderazgo de Luiz Inácio da Silva (Lula), tendrá una influencia decisiva en el Estado, en un contexto internacional favorable –creciente multipolaridad relativa, altos precios de los commodities y avance del regionalismo autónomo en la región. Desde esta posición pueden explicarse
un conjunto de medidas y posicionamientos geoestratégicos. Se exponen, asimismo, las causas de la crisis de la articulación lulista y caída del gobierno del pt, especialmente en relación a dos puntos de inflexión fundamentales: la modificación del escenario internacional y la presión de las fuerzas dominantes en Estados Unidos y en el “Norte global” frente a la política exterior de Brasil, y la agudización de las contradicciones, tanto del esquema de poder en el gobierno como en el interior de la articulación nacional popular neodesarrollista, además de los casos de corrupción y de los límites de la dependencia.
Abstract: This paper analyses the political and social articulation and the structures of governing power in Brazil during the Partido de los Trabajadores (pt) (Labourers Party) rule. It looks at the way the popular national neodevelopment articulation leadered by Luis Inácio da Silva (Lula), had a decisive hold in the State in the context of a favorable international scene –growing relative multipolartity, high prices of commodities and advancement of autonomous regionalism in the area. From this in mind it is more feasible to explain several measures and geo-strategic stands of pt’s administrations. The text argues that the causes of the crisis of lulist articulation and the fall of pt, can be explained considering two fundamental turning points: the modification of international setting and the pressure of dominant forces in the usa and the “Global North” regarding Brazilian’s foreign policy, and the aggravation of contradictions, both within government power structures and inside the popular national neodevelopment articulation, besides the cases of corruption and the limits of dependency.
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