Antifascismo, revolución y Guerra Fría en México: la revista América, 1940-1960
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Abstract
El artículo analiza la revista América en 1940-1960 como un espacio político-cultural privilegiado para el estudio de procesos históricos nacionales, regionales y transnacionales. Nacida de la confluencia de grupos vinculados al estado revolucionario mexicano, la izquierda y el exilio español en México, delimitó un programa original en defensa de la Revolución Mexicana, el antifascismo, los aliados en la Segunda Guerra Mundial y el exilio republicano español. Eventualmente, en el período de post-guerra y en un proceso de continuidades y rupturas, mantuvo su firme adhesión gobierno y partido revolucionarios, dio mayor cabida a temas culturales y artísticos y se vinculó a grupos locales e internacionales relacionados con la Guerra Fría cultural a favor de Estados Unidos. El análisis de los grupos, ideas y transformaciones de América permite, así, identificar aspectos relevantes de la trama social, política e ideológica detrás del mundo cultural mexicano de la época.
The article analyzes the magazine América in 1940-1960 as a privileged political and cultural space for studying national and transnational historical processes. Born out of the convergence of groups linked to the Mexican revolutionary state, the left, and the Spanish exile in Mexico, it originally defined a program in defense of the Mexican Revolution, antifascism, the Allies in the Second World War, and the Spanish Republican exile. Eventually, and in a process combining continuities and changes in the post-war period, it kept its firm support for the revolutionary government and party while it opened its pages to cultural and artistic contributions and established relations with local and international groups tied to the United States-led cultural Cold War. Thus, the analysis of America’s groups, ideas, and transformations makes it possible to identify relevant aspects of the social, political, and ideological network behind the Mexican cultural world of the time.
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